Research areas (Challengeable)

Research areas of special strength at USM include environmental science , aquaculture , biomedical and pharmaceutical studies , natural language processing and computer aided translation , information technology , food technology , polymer science and technology , brain and neuroscience , biotechnology , distance education , geographical information system , structure analysis , materials science , engineering , surface chemistry , and robotic vision . Penang has excellent research facilities for collaborative search , particularly in coastal pollution , mangrove ecosystem and marine aquaculture .

Universiti Sains Malaysia offers excellent opportunities for research and education to both local and foreign scholars . The University's core competencies are teaching , research and consultancies , which relate directly to the advancement of human resource and capacity building , knowledge and industrial competitiveness .

The route taken for the development of academic excellence at USM has been the establishment of research institutes , center and units has always been that the areas which they cover must be the ones in which there have already been notable achievements and where the setting up of formal structures would help to mobilize more effectively research University . But it has always been understood that these structures , while providing better opportunities for integration and networking , would not replace or reduce the research roles of the teaching schools and their staff . Indeed , a cardinal rule in the University's overall planning has been that principal areas of teaching and research would overlap , as would areas of staff and postgraduate research , to the common advantage of all .

USM History

USM was established as the second university in Malaysia in 1969 and it was first known as Universiti Pulau Pinang .

The established of USM began with an agreement reached through a resolution which was approved by the penang state Legislative Assembly in 1962 ,which called for the establishment of a university college in the state .

From its humble beginnings with an intake of 57 science students in 1969 ,Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) had made great strides . Today , USM offers a wide range of courses at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels to more than 28,000 students .
USM has also emerged as one of the most widely-acclaimed universities not only locally but also abroad . The success achieved in various fields especially in research , including the latest through the Asian Innovation Award in which USM emerged as the only winner from this country ,has placed USM on the world map .
On 3 sept 2008, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) was declared the Apex (Accelerated Programme for Excellence) University by the ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia .

REVOLUTION

A revolution (from the latin revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in relatively short period of time .

There are 2 types of revolutions :

1.Complete change from one constitution to another
2.Modification of an existing constitution .[1]
Revolutions have occurred through human history and vary widely in terms of methods , duration , and motivating ideology . Their results include major changes in culture , economy , and socio-political institutions .